초임계수 산화(SCWO) 열수 반응성 & 1,000Hz 0-Alloc C# 유기 오염물질 무염소 완전 분해 제어 엔진

using System;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace ZeliDesk.SupercriticalChemicalEngineering
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 초임계수 산화 반응기 열수 상태 구조체
    /// </summary>
    public readonly ref struct ScwoReactorState
    {
        public double TemperatureKelvin { get; }    // 반응기 온도 (K)
        public double PressureMpa { get; }          // 반응기 압력 (MPa)
        public double TocConcentrationPpm { get; }  // 총유기탄소 TOC 농도 (ppm)
        public double OxygenExcessRatio { get; }    // 산소 당량비 (화학양론 대비)
        public double FlowRateKgPerSec { get; }     // 유입 질량 유량 (kg/s)

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public ScwoReactorState(double temp, double p, double toc, double o2Ratio, double flow)
        {
            TemperatureKelvin = temp;
            PressureMpa = p;
            TocConcentrationPpm = toc;
            OxygenExcessRatio = o2Ratio;
            FlowRateKgPerSec = flow;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 1,000Hz 0-Alloc C# 초임계수 산화 아레니우스 반응속도 및 배압 밸브 제어 엔진
    /// </summary>
    public ref struct ScwoControlEngine
    {
        private const double GasConstantR = 8.314462;      // J/(mol*K)
        private const double ActivationEnergyJ = 95000.0;   // 활성화 에너지 (J/mol)
        private const double PreExponentialA = 1.25e8;     // 빈도 인자 (1/s)
        private const double TargetPressureMpa = 24.5;     // 운전 목표 압력 24.5 MPa

        private double _accumulatedDecomposedKg;

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public ScwoControlEngine(double initialDecomposed)
        {
            _accumulatedDecomposedKg = initialDecomposed;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 1,000Hz 실시간 루프 (dt = 0.001s) 반응속도 연산 및 배압 밸브 개도율 지령
        /// </summary>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void ProcessStep(
            in ScwoReactorState state,
            out double destructionEfficiencyPercent,
            out double reactionHeatGenerationKw,
            out double backPressureValvePercent,
            out bool isSupercriticalSafe)
        {
            const double dt = 0.001; // 1ms 타임스텝

            // 1. 아레니우스 반응속도 상수 k = A * exp(-E_a / RT)
            double expTerm = Math.Exp(-ActivationEnergyJ / (GasConstantR * state.TemperatureKelvin));
            double rateConstant = PreExponentialA * expTerm;

            // 2. 체류 시간 tau = V_reactor / Q (단위 부피당 약 15초 기준)
            const double residenceTimeSec = 15.0;
            // 1차 반응 분해율 eta = 1 - exp(-k * tau)
            double fractionRemaining = Math.Exp(-rateConstant * residenceTimeSec);
            destructionEfficiencyPercent = Math.Clamp((1.0 - fractionRemaining) * 100.0, 0.0, 99.999);

            // 3. 발열 반응열 산출 (유기물 1kg당 약 28 MJ)
            double decomposedTOCPerSec = (state.TocConcentrationPpm * 1e-6) * state.FlowRateKgPerSec * (destructionEfficiencyPercent / 100.0);
            reactionHeatGenerationKw = decomposedTOCPerSec * 28000.0; // kW

            // 4. 배압 밸브(BPR) 압력 제어 (PID 비례 미분 서보)
            double pressureError = state.PressureMpa - TargetPressureMpa;
            const double kp = 12.0; // % / MPa
            double commandedValve = 50.0 + (kp * pressureError);
            backPressureValvePercent = Math.Clamp(commandedValve, 5.0, 95.0);

            // 5. 초임계 안전 운전 영역 판정 (T > 650K, P > 22.5MPa, P < 28MPa)
            isSupercriticalSafe = (state.TemperatureKelvin >= 650.0 && state.TemperatureKelvin <= 850.0) &&
                                  (state.PressureMpa >= 22.5 && state.PressureMpa <= 28.0);

            _accumulatedDecomposedKg += decomposedTOCPerSec * dt;
        }
    }
}