페로브스카이트-실리콘 탠덤 태양전지 스펙트럼 분할 & 1,000Hz 0-Alloc C# 쇼클리-콰이저 한계 돌파 동적 발전 시뮬레이션 엔진

using System;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace ZeliDesk.Education.StemEnergy.TandemSolarCell
{
    public readonly record struct SolarIrradianceState(
        float IrradianceWm2,      // 전천 일사량 (W/m^2, 표준 1000)
        float CellTemperatureC,   // 셀 온도 (°C)
        float BlueSpectrumRatio   // 단파장/장파장 스펙트럼 비율 (기본 1.0)
    );

    public ref struct TandemPowerTelemetry
    {
        public float TopCellShortCircuitCurrentMaCm2;
        public float BottomCellShortCircuitCurrentMaCm2;
        public float MatchedCurrentMaCm2;
        public float OpenCircuitVoltageVolts;
        public float MaxPowerDensityMwCm2;
        public float ConversionEfficiencyPercent;
    }

    public static class PerovskiteTandemEngineCore
    {
        private const float BoltzmannConstK = 1.380649e-23f;
        private const float ElectronChargeQ = 1.602176634e-19f;

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static void CalculateTandemPerformance(
            in SolarIrradianceState state,
            ref TandemPowerTelemetry telemetry)
        {
            float tempKelvin = state.CellTemperatureC + 273.15f;
            float vt = (BoltzmannConstK * tempKelvin) / ElectronChargeQ; // 열전압 (~26 mV)

            // 1. 일사량 및 파장 비율에 따른 각 셀의 광전류 산출 (mA/cm^2)
            float sunRatio = state.IrradianceWm2 / 1000.0f;
            float jscTop = 20.5f * sunRatio * state.BlueSpectrumRatio;
            float jscBottom = 19.8f * sunRatio * (2.0f - state.BlueSpectrumRatio);

            telemetry.TopCellShortCircuitCurrentMaCm2 = jscTop;
            telemetry.BottomCellShortCircuitCurrentMaCm2 = jscBottom;

            // 2. 2-단자 직렬 연결 전류 정합 (더 작은 전류로 제한)
            float matchedJ = MathF.Min(jscTop, jscBottom);
            telemetry.MatchedCurrentMaCm2 = matchedJ;

            // 3. 개방 전압 산출: Voc_total = Voc_top (약 1.25V) + Voc_bottom (약 0.72V)
            float vocTop = 1.25f - 0.002f * (state.CellTemperatureC - 25f);
            float vocBottom = 0.72f - 0.0025f * (state.CellTemperatureC - 25f);
            telemetry.OpenCircuitVoltageVolts = vocTop + vocBottom;

            // 4. 충진율(Fill Factor, 약 0.81) 및 최대 전력 산출
            const float fillFactor = 0.81f;
            float maxPowerMw = matchedJ * telemetry.OpenCircuitVoltageVolts * fillFactor;
            telemetry.MaxPowerDensityMwCm2 = maxPowerMw;

            // 5. 광전 변환 효율 산출 (입력광 대비)
            float inputPowerMw = (state.IrradianceWm2 / 10.0f); // 1000 W/m^2 = 100 mW/cm^2
            telemetry.ConversionEfficiencyPercent = (inputPowerMw > 0.1f)
                ? (maxPowerMw / inputPowerMw) * 100f
                : 0f;
        }
    }
}